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Shedding is part of hair's natural life cycle. Every hair goes through growth, transition and resting phases, and at the end of the resting phase it falls out to make way for a new one. So losing a certain amount of hair every day is completely normal. The problem begins when shed hairs are not replaced, or when the hairs that grow back become progressively finer.
The hair growth cycle
Hair follicles go through three main phases:
- Anagen (growth phase): The phase in which hair actively grows; it can last for years. Most hairs on the scalp are in this phase.
- Catagen (transition phase): A short phase of a few weeks in which growth stops.
- Telogen (resting phase): The hair rests for a few months and then falls out. The follicle begins a new anagen phase.
Losing around 50–100 hairs a day is considered normal. On days you wash your hair, the number may seem higher. But if shedding has increased noticeably, your hairline is receding or your hair is becoming finer, the cause should be investigated.
Male-pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia)
The most common cause of hair loss in men is androgenetic alopecia. In people with a genetic predisposition, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a derivative of testosterone, makes hair follicles sensitive. Over time the follicles shrink (miniaturisation), hair becomes finer, the growth phase shortens and eventually the follicle stops producing hair.
This hair loss usually follows a pattern: first the temples recede and the hairline moves back, then the crown thins. Over time the two areas may join. Hair at the back and sides is resistant to DHT and is usually preserved. The stages of male-pattern hair loss are classified using the Norwood scale.
Female-pattern hair loss
Women also experience hair loss linked to genetic and hormonal factors, but the pattern is different. The hairline is usually preserved, while diffuse thinning develops on the top of the head and along the parting, which gradually widens. This type of hair loss is classified using the Ludwig scale.
Other types of hair loss
Telogen effluvium
After sudden stress, illness with high fever, surgery, childbirth, rapid weight loss or certain medication, many follicles enter the resting phase at the same time. A few months later, diffuse and noticeable shedding begins. It is usually temporary; once the cause has passed, the hair returns within a few months.
Alopecia areata
A condition in which the immune system targets hair follicles. Round, clearly defined bald patches appear on the scalp, beard or eyebrows. It is treated by a dermatologist; a hair transplant is not recommended while the condition is active.
Traction alopecia
Caused by long-term pulling on the follicles from hairstyles such as tight ponytails, braids or extensions. If noticed early it is reversible; if it continues for a long time it can become permanent and may be treated with a female hair transplant.
Scarring (cicatricial) alopecia
Some inflammatory conditions permanently destroy follicles and leave scar tissue in their place. Diagnosis and treatment should be carried out by a dermatologist.
Hair loss linked to nutrition and hormones
Iron deficiency, B12 and vitamin D deficiency, thyroid disease and hormonal disorders can all cause hair loss. They are identified through blood tests, and hair loss usually improves once the underlying cause is treated.
Treatment options for hair loss
Treatment depends on the cause and stage of hair loss:
- Treating the underlying cause: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, thyroid and hormonal problems
- Medical treatment: Medication and topical treatments recommended by a physician to slow hair loss
- Supportive treatments: PRP and mesotherapy
- Hair transplant: A permanent solution for areas where follicles have been permanently lost
A hair transplant gives a permanent result in bald or significantly thinned areas. But if hair loss is still progressing, treatments that slow it should be discussed alongside the transplant. For more, see our hair transplant page.
Frequently asked questions
How many hairs a day is normal to lose?
Usually between 50 and 100 hairs is considered normal. A clear increase or thinning should be assessed.
Can stress cause hair loss?
Yes. Intense stress can lead to temporary, diffuse shedding known as telogen effluvium.
Is hair loss hereditary?
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in male and female-pattern hair loss.
Does every case of hair loss need a transplant?
No. Temporary hair loss and hair loss with a medical cause usually do not need a transplant. A transplant is suited to areas where follicles have been permanently lost.
The information on this page is for general guidance only; diagnosis and treatment decisions are made by a physician after examination. Results vary from person to person.